study guide

feudalism- a way of life based on the ownership & use of land.

fief-a piece of alnd held by one man

lord-is the one man who holds a fief(a piece of land)

vassal-a man permitted by the lord to use it in retun of services.

knight-heavily armed warriors,wore full body armor,mounted on horese,provided the heart of the kings military force.

chivalry-the code of conduct for the nobility and the knights

heraldry-colorful and unique emblems, sysmbols and designs displayed on armor,sheilds and banners.

castle-heavily fortified dwellings built by nobles.

joust-2 knights fight to knock each other off their horse.

tournament-groups of knights fought a mock battle that lasted an entire day.

manor-estates that belonged to the nobles.

serf-farmers that worked on the manors.

Truce of God-the church forbade fighting from friday through sunday each week.

Peace of God-priest denied the sacraments to persons who robbed churches,took a serf's property or killed a noncombatant during battle.

burg-community of traveling merchants.

middle class-burghers=middle class

trade fair-merchants from all over;towns like leipzig,germany.

guild-developed during this time.(consisted of merchants,artisans and craftsmen)

black death-formof bubonic plague(deadly,very infectious) came from fleas that were on rats.

Chaucer-wrote The Canterbury Tales/recongnized as one of englands greatest poets.

trivium-grammer,rhetoric(the art of speaking) and logic

quadrivium-arithmetic,music,geometry and astronomy.

scholasticism-theology(roman cathilic style) + greek philosophy(like Aristotle)

Brethren of the Common Life-Christian group founded by Gerhard Groote in 1380. all about bible reading,prayer,serving others and personal devotion.

humanism-study of classical languages and classical literature.

patron-ppl who use their own money to support the arts.(ex. the medici family)

Sistine Chapel-michelagelos famous paintings re on the celiing and walls here.also well known for ots marble statues.

Medicis-powerful & influential florentine family/"Godfathers" of the Renaissance/influenced politics & ecomonics from the 1300's until 1700's

Thomas Aquinas-lived 1225-1274,spoke slowly, called a "dumb ox" but had a brilliant mind.

William of Ockham-lived 1285-1349/ educated @ oxford, said bible was ultimate authority.

John Wycliffe-lived 1320-1384/also known as the "morning star of the reformation"/thought popes claim of absolute authority over church was wrong.his followers were called "Lollards".

John Huss-lived 1369-1415/follower of John Wycliff,roman church condemned him and he was burned at the stake.his followers were called "hussites"

Gerhard Groote-he founded brethren of the common life. also founed schools for kids.

Dant-wrote Divine Comedy(one of the few pieces of medievil lit. that is still widely read today)

Petrarch-wrote "Father of Humanism"

Bocaccio-wrote "The Decameron"

Michelangelo-considered the greatest artist of the renaissance,supported by the medici family,,famous pintings are on the walls and celings of the sistine chapel.

Flanders-primary center of trade for wool

Machiavelli-wrote"The Prince"

Giotto-famous articist of the renaissance

DaVinci-aka "Renaissance Man"(one who displays talenst in all fiels) he was a painter,sculptor,musician,inventor,engineer,best remembered for the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

Prague-oldest german university. founed in 1348

Assignment 36 Pictures

Chapter 12.section review 1

1. it was a way of life based upon the ownership and use of land
2. the lord gave the vassal the land to take care of
3. it comes from the latin word castra which means military camp, it was surrounded by a moat[body of water] they had a drawbridge to keep invaders out.
4. they fought, jousted[they tried to knock each other off the hourse], and had tournaments[battle that lasted an entire day.]
5. serfs- peasants. serfs severd the nobility people instead vof being equal to them
6. the truce of god and peace of god/.

identify

• fedulasim- way of life based on ownership of land.
• king-top of fedual system
• crown land-personal part [kings land]
• knight- heavily armed warriors wearing full body armor and mouted on horses
• chivalry-the code of conduct for the nobility and nights
• heraldry-certain colorful and unique symbols,emblems,and designs displayed on armor and shields
• manor-estates that belonged to the nobles
• demesne-serfs had to work 3 days, the lord's fields.

#35

Complete Chapter 9 Section Review 2 plus Identify on page 147
2) Post this to your blog
3) Complete Chapter 9 Section Review 3 plus Identify on page 150

Chapter 9& 10 Test

a. People (#1-33 every other odd)

• messiah- the anotinted one of God.
• domitian- proclaimed himself lord and god
• marcus aurelius- stoic philospher emperor, called the war of the 4th great persecution
• ireneaus- pupil of polycarp and bishop of lyons in gaul
• orign-christian philosopher and theoligain from alexandria, escaped the persecution but then died in another one
• diocletian- ruler during the 10th persecution, and claimed himself officially dominus noster
• aristides-christian apologist of the early church
• athanasius- argued for the true diety of christ at the council of nicaea
• theodosius I- ruler when christianity became the only legal faith the state religion.

b. Terms (all)

1. synagogues- where they read the old testament scriptues in hebrew and aramaic and sometimes even from the greek septuagint.
2. gentiles, proselytes- non jews/ converts
3. martyr- greek for witness.[tortured and killed for faith]
4. book of the revelation- written by john on the isle of patmos, where he received and recorded the prophetic visions
5. catacombs- vast, subterranean galleries beneath the city of rome where early christians met
6. edict of milian- extended legal protection and reconization to christians throughout the empire
7. church fathers- preachers and teachers
8. apologist- attempted to reasonably defend christianity against pagan defamations
9. monarchianism- denied the doctrine of trinity
10. latin vulgate- common bible of early western church
11. creeds- statements of beliefs/ confessions of faith
12. apostles creed- earliest creed. nicene creed- adopted by council of nicea. athanasian creed- named for him and took his place beside apostles and nicene creeds as the churches confession.
13. council of nicaea- rejected the teaching of arainism and adopted the nicaean creed. / aranism-false doctrine which denied the diety of christ.

. Chapter Concepts (#4)
. because it was the only legal religion, people converted out of fear but didnt really believe
a. People (#1, 3, 5, 10)

• justinian- first freat leader of the byzantine empire
• theodora- justinians wife, most famous woman in history
• leo 3- said all images and paintings should be burned in churches
• ottomans- muslim turks who took over constantinople.

b. Places (#1, 3)

• byzantium and constaninople- 324 a.d. constantine moved the capital of the roman emperor to the roman empire -rome to byzantium [constaninople]
• haiga sophia- most magnificent church building in the middle ages. holy wisdom

c. Terms (#1, 3, 4)

• christendom- portion of the world in which christianity was the dominant religion
• greek fire- secret weapon in war duringin vasions like a flame thrower
• iconolastic controversy- image breaker, worshiped icons/ icon- abstract simplified image of christ,mary , any of other saints.
  

d. Chapter Concepts

it was blessed with a sound monetary system, florishing trade with persia, and orient, a strong navy, principles of law and order, and elements of morality and virtue among her people. ..it would make for a strong empire. the can withstand most anything.

assignment 34.

What does "restricted nations" refer to? nations that can't worship God.

Where are most restricted nations? north east africa

Give me the names of 6 restricted nations and tell me why they are restricted.
Comoros-b/c it smostly islamic
ethiopia- Ethiopia experienced a revolution in 1974 which imposed a Marxist-like government.
United Arab Emirates-Islam is the state religion, with a Sunni majority
Uzbekistan-Uzbekistan is a secular state that promotes a moderate form of Islam
lebanon- The major danger faced by Christians in Lebanon is from militant elements within the populace
Mauritania-Mauritania is one of the world's poorest countries, and one of the most restricted. Freedom of religion is nonexistent in this one-party state where Islam has dominated for more than 1,000 years. A coup in August 2008, replaced their democratically elected president with a military council government.

about VOM.is the voice of martyrs. its a interdominational christian organization dedicated to assisting the persecuted church worldwide. they are station in random places around the world.we can help by praying.
founders:
Pastor Richard Wurmbrand (March 24, 1909 - February 17, 2001)
Sabina (Oster) Wurmbrand (July 10, 1913 - August 11, 2000)

abc.com
1.Bosnian Serb Ex-Leader Set Free: Former Bosnian Serb President Biljana Plavsic, sentenced in 2003 by a U.N. war crimes tribunal to 11 years in prison, returned to her home in Belgrade after an early release from a Swedish jail.
http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=8925574
2. Zimbabwe: Prime Minister's Party Fears New Attacks: The party of Zimbabwe's prime minister said one of its security officials was beaten by the president's militants Tuesday, and said the attack was part of new violence unleashed because it has stepped back from the governing coalition.
http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=8924300
3.South Korean Christians pray during a rally for peaceful unification of Korean peninsula South Korean Christians pray during a rally for peaceful unification of Korean peninsula and the World Peace in Seoul, South Korea, Friday, Oct. 23, 2009.
http://abcnews.go.com/search?searchtext=persecution%20of%20christians
4. Pakistani Christians "Live in Fear," Churches Say Christians and other religious minorities in Pakistan live in fear of persecution and even execution or murder on false charges of blasphemy against Islam, the World Council of Churches (WCC) says.The Council, a global body linking Protestant and Orthodox churches in 110 countries, has called on the Pakistani government to change a law that allows for the death penalty for blaspheming Islam.
http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=8478525
5.Religious persecution in Eritrea
If you are Catholic, Muslim, or a member of the Orthodox and Evangelical churches in Eritrea then it seems you can breathe easy.
However, those who believe and practise minority faiths are routinely persecuted, according to human rights groups. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3663654.stm

google search
www.christianpersecution.info/
www.persecution.org/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians
www.allaboutfollowingjesus.org/Christian-Persecution.htm
www.persecutionblog.com

they post stories and what life is like all over the world. they explain with stories, an dinterview whats going on, an dhow bad they are doing christians and WE THINK its not fair.

5 Papyrus Fragments.

papyrus 1

papyrus 2

Papyrus 3

papyrus 4

papyrus 5